Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal ada dua jenis kata imbuhan, antara lain prefix yaitu kata imbuhan di awal kata dasar dan satu lagi suffix, yaitu kata imbuhan di akhir kata dasar. Penggunaan prefix atau pun suffix dalam sebuah kata akan mengubah arti & penekanan kata dasar yang diimbuhinya, seperti :
- Menjadi Antonim / lawan kata
- Sebagai Pendamping
- Menyatakan Perbedaan Ukuran
- Terkait Waktu : sebelum, setelah & ditengah
- Hubungan, perluasan
- Menunjukan Identitas / status
- Kata terkait masa tertentu
- Kata benda jadi kata sifat / noun to adjective dan sebaliknya
- Kata kerja jadi kata benda / verb to noun dan sebaliknya
- Kata sifat jadi kata kerja / adjective to verb dan sebaliknya
Melihat fungsi-fungsi diatas sangat jelas kalau Prefix atau Suffix bisa mengubah arti kalimat yang disampaikan. Mari kita belajar sedikit bagaimana contoh penerapan imbuhan tersebut.
Daftar Contoh Pengunaan Prefix
| Prefix | Kegunaan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| A- | antonim | Atheist, anaemic, amoral, achromatic |
| Ante- | Kejadian sebelum | Antecedent, antedate, antemeridian, anterior |
| Anti- | antonim | Anti-government, anti-thesis, anti-racist |
| Auto- | Menyatakan otomatis | Autopilot, autobiography, automobile, autofocus |
| Co- | Pendamping | Co-pilot, co-author, co-worker, co-exist |
| Contra- | antonim | Contradiction, contrast, contrary, contraband |
| De- | kondisi menurun | Devaluation, decrease, deactivate, degradation |
| Dis- | antonim | Disappear, disagree, disband, dissect, discourage |
| Down- | kondisi menurun | Downgrade, downsize, downhearted |
| En- | kondisi meningkat | Enlarge, encourage, entangle |
| Extra- | kelebihan | Extra-bonus, extraterrestrial, extravert |
| Fore- | sesuatu di depan | Forehead, foresee, forecast, foretell |
| Hetero- | bermacam | Heterosexual, heterodox, heterogeneous |
| Hyper- | kelebihan | Hyperactive, hypersensitive, hypercritical |
| Im- | antonim | impossible, improbable, imperfect, impeccable |
| Ir- | antonim | Irregular, irreparable, irresistible, irreplaceable |
| Il- | antonim | Illegal, illuminate |
| In- | antonim | Indistinguishable, insecure, indefinite |
| Inter- | Antar | Interstellar, interpenetrate, inter-country, inter-school |
| Intro- | Menyatakan keterbatasan | Introvert, introspection, introjections |
| Macro- | berskala besar | Macroeconomics, macro lens, macrocosmic |
| Mal- | sesuatu yang salah | Malfunction, malcontent |
| Mega- | berskala besar | Mega-project, mega-plan |
| Micro- | berskala kecil | Microeconomics, microscope, microcosmic |
| Mid- | pertengahan | Midday, midnight, mid-September |
| Mis- | sesuatu yang salah | Misunderstand, misuse, mislead, miscommunication |
| Mono- | sesuatu yang hanya satu | Monogamy, monopoly, mono-player |
| Non- | antonim | Nonsense, non-player, non-payment, non-smoking |
| Off- | melewati batas | Offside, offshore |
| Omni- | Suatu universal | Omnivora, omnibus |
| On- | di dalam | On-site, online, ongoing, on-time |
| Over- | berlebihan | Overprotective, overcharge, overrated |
| Out- | melebihi batas | Out-dated, outrun, out-perform |
| Post- | kejadian sesudah | Post-war, post-pandemic, post-apocalypse |
| Pre- | kejadian sebelum | Pre-war, pre-school, prehistory |
| Pro- | Setuju dengan | Pro-government, pro-feminism, pro-theist |
| Re- | Pengulangan | Redo, replay, rewrite |
| Semi- | Menyatakan kecenderungan | Semicircle, semi-finalist, semi-red |
| Sub- | satu level dibawahnya | Sub-division, sub-Mediterania, sub-river |
| Super- | berskala besar | Super-hero, supermodel, super-kind |
| Tele- | dilakukan jarak jauh | Telephone, telegram, telemarketing, television |
| Trans- | Melewati | Transmigrate, trans-vision, trans-ocean |
| Ultra- | sesuatu yang sangat besar | Ultra-compact, ultrasound, ultra-view |
| Under- | penurunan, tingkat rendah | Underrated, undergraduate, undervalue, underestimate |
| Up- | lebih tinggi | Upgrade, uphill, upside |
Berikutnya di bawah ini adalah tabel contoh suffix paling umum yang harus kamu ketahui artinya, boleh kamu catat dan pelajari dengan seksama biar kamu paham
Daftar Contoh Penggunaan suffix dalam Bahasa Inggris
| Suffix | Kegunaan | Contoh Kata |
|---|---|---|
| -ac, -ic | terkait dengan | iconic, cardiac, organic, ischemic |
| -acy | kondisi, kualitas | privacy, legitimacy, bureaucracy, aristocracy, theocracy |
| -age | status | marriage, leakage, bondage, teenage |
| -al | sesuatu yang dilakukan | refusal, recital, rebuttal |
| -ance, -ence | kondisi, kualitas | maintenance, eminence, assurance |
| -dom | tempat, kondisi | freedom, kingdom, boredom, stardom |
| -ee | identitas, profesi | interviewee, internee, employee, nominee |
| -er, -or | identitas, profesi | driver, instructor, reader, painter, supervisor, creator |
| -hood | kondisi, kualitas | adulthood, manhood, boyhood, childhood |
| -ice | hasil dari perbuatan | service, cowardice |
| -ism | doktrin, paham, kepercayaan | Marxism, atheism, theism, communism, narcissism |
| -ist | identitas, kegiatan | narcissist, communist, atheist, theist |
| -ity, -ty | kondisi, kualitas | reality, serenity, parity, passivity |
| -logy | ilmu, teori | theology, biology, sociology |
| -ment | perbuatan, ditimpakan | Argument, endorsement, punishment |
| -nce | perbuatan, ditimpakan | abundance, absence, presence, brilliance, endurance |
| -ness | kondisi, kualitas | sadness, happiness, rudeness, business |
| -ship | Identitas | ownership, sponsorship, fellowship, internship |
| -sion, -tion | Kondisi | concession, transition, abbreviation |
| -tude | hasil perbuatan | attitude, altitude, magnitude |
| -ate | perlakuan | regulate, eradicate, enunciate, repudiate, dignitate |
| -en | peningkatan | enlighten, awaken, strengthen, weaken |
| -er | penambahan kualitas | glimmer, glitter, shimmer |
| -ify, -fy | suatu perubahan | terrify, satisfy, rectify, exemplify |
| -ish | peningkatan kondisi | banish, nourish, punish, publish |
| -ize, -ise | jadi berubah | realize, humanize, organize, socialize |
| -able, -ible | keahlian, kesanggupan, kualitas | Edible, presentable, abominable, credible |
| -al | berkaitan dengan | Regional, grammatical, emotional, coastal |
| -ar | kualitas, sifat | familiar, regular, circular |
| -ed | kualitas, sifat | gifted, talented, learned, cultured |
| -en | terbuat dari | wooden, golden, woollen, leaden |
| -esque | Sifat | picturesque, statuesque, burlesque |
| -ful | Sifat | forgetful, resentful, woeful, doubtful |
| -ian, -an | Identitas, asal | American, Indian, Canadian, Russian |
| -ic, -ical | Berkaitan dengan | comical, canonical, musical, mythic, domestic |
| -ile | Kondisi, kualitas | fragile, juvenile, servile |
| -istic | Sifat | fantastic, pessimistic, optimistic, sarcastic |
| -ious, -ous | Sifat | studious, pious, religious, irreligious, joyous |
| -ish | Sifat | selfish, Turkish, childish, reddish |
| -ive | Sifat | creative, punitive, divisive, decisive |
| -less | Ketidak adaan sifat | fearless, regardless, helpless, endless |
| -y | Sifat (sementara) | smelly, healthy, greedy, wealthy |
Seperti yang kamu lihat, semua kata yang diberi imbuhan awal atau akhir dalam bahasa inggris bisa tetap bentuk kata dasarnya & ada juga yang berubah. Itulah sedikit penjelasan serta contoh penggunaan suffix dan prefix dalam kata-kata bahasa Inggris. Kalau kamu mau memahami materi bahasa inggris dengan lebih lancar dan mendalam, yuk kursus langsung sama native speaker profesional di EF adults.
